CULTURE CARE, DIVERSITY and UNIVERSALITY: Leininger's Accomplishments

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Leininger's Accomplishments

Received a Master of Science in Nursing Degree, with a minor in Psychiatric Mental Health Health Nursing and Psychology at the Catholic University of America in Washington, DC on 1954.
To learn more about the influences of cultural factors in nursing as well as the potential of integrating the fields of Nursing and Anthropology, she embarked upon a doctoral program in Cultural and Social Anthropology at the University of Washington in Seattle. In 1965, she became the first professional nurse to have earned a Ph.D in Anthropology.
Under her leadership, the University of Washington was recognized as the Outstanding Public Institutional School of Nursing in the United States.
She won the prestigious President’s Award for Excellence in Teaching in 1981. Also, she was awarded The Board of Governor’s Distinguished Faculty Award, and the Gershenson’s Research Fellowship Award.
As of 1995, she has written 25 books, published over 200 articles and book chapters, produced numerous audio and video recording, and developed a software program.
She has also given over 850 public lectures around the world.

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Culture refers to the learned, shared and transmitted values, beliefs, norms and lifeways of a particular group that guides their thinking, decisions and actions in patterned ways

Cultural care refers to the subjectively and objectively learned and transmitted values, beliefs and patterned lifeways that assist, support, facilitate, or enable another individual or group to maintain their well-being, health, to improve their human condition and lifeway, or to deal with illness, handicaps, or death

Cultural care diversity refers to the variabilities and/ or differences in meanings, patterns, values, lifeways, or symbols of care within or between collectivities that are related to assistive, supportive or enabling human care expressions

Nursing refers to a learned humanistic and scientific profession and discipline which is focused on human care phenomena and activities in order to assist, support, facilitate, or enable individuals or groups to maintain or regain their well-being (or health) in culturally meaningful and beneficial ways, or to help people face handicaps or death

Worldview refers to the way people tend to look out on the world or their universe to form a picture or a value stance about their life or world around them

Cultural and social structure dimensions refers to the dynamic patterns and features of interrelated structural and organizational factors of a particular culture (subculture or society) which includes religious, kinship (social), political (and legal), economic, educational, technologic and cultural values and ethnohistorical factors, and how these factors may be interrelated and function to influence human behavior in different environmental contexts

Environmental context refers to the totality of an event, situation or particular experiences that give meaning to human expressions, interpretations, and social interactions in particular physical, ecological, socio-political and/ or cultural settings.

Ethnohistory refers to those past facts, events, instances and experiences of individual, groups, cultures and institutions that are primarily people-centered (ethno) and that describe, explain, and interpret human lifeways within particular cultural contexts and over short or long periods of time

Generic (folk or lay) care system refer to culturally learned and transmitted, indigenous (or traditional ), folk (home based) knowledge and skills used to provide assistive, supportive, enabling or facilitative acts toward or for another individual, group or institution with evident or anticipated needs to ameliorate or improve a human lifeway or health condition (or well-being) or to deal with handicaps and death situations

Professional care system(s) refers to formally taught, learned and transmitted professional care, health, illness, wellness and related knowledge and practice skills that prevail in professional institutions usually with multidisciplinary personnel to serve consumers

Health refers to a state of well-being that is culturally defined, valued and practiced, and that reflects the ability of individuals (or groups) to perform their daily role activities in culturally expressed, beneficial, and patterned lifeways

Cultural care preservation or maintenance refers to those assistive, supporting, facilitative or enabling professional actions and decisions that help people of a particular culture to retain and/or preserve relevant care values so that they can maintain their well-being, recover from illness, or face handicaps and/or death

Cultural care accommodation or negotiation refers to those assistive, supporting, facilitative or enabling creative professional actions and decisions that help people of a designated culture to adapt to, or to negotiate with, others for a beneficial or satisfying health outcome with professional care providers

Cultural care repatterning or restructuring refers to those assistive, supportive, facilitative or enabling professional actions and decisions that help clients reorder, change or greatly modify their lifeways for new, different and beneficial health acre pattern while respecting the client’s cultural values and beliefs and still providing a beneficial, healthier lifeway than before the changes were coestablished with the client

Cultural congruent (nursing) care refers to those cognitively based assistive, supportive, facilitative, or enabling acts or decisions that are tailor made to fit the individual, group or institutional cultural values, beliefs and lifeways in order to provide or support meaningful beneficial and satisfying health care or well-being services.

Books Published by Leininger

Advances in Contemporary Transcultural Nursing
Barriers and facilitators to quality health care (Health care dimensions ; spring 1975)
Basic psychiatric concepts in nursing
Care: Discovery and Uses in Clinical and Community Nursing (Human Care and Health Series)
Care: The Essence of Nursing and Health (Human Care : Essentials for Nursing, Well-Being and Survival)
Caring Imperative in Education
Caring: An Essential Human Need/Proceedings of the Three National Caring Conferences (Human Care and Health Series)
Caring: The Compassionate Healer
Contemporary Issues In Mental Health Nursing
Convergence and Divergence of Human Behavior An Ethnopsychological
Ethical and Moral Dimensions of Care (Human Care and Health Series)
Health care issues (Health care dimensions, fall 1974)
Human Care: Discovery and Use of Knowledge
Madeleine Leininger: Cultural Care Diversity and Universality Theory (Notes on Nursing Theories)
Nursing and Anthropology: Two Worlds to Blend
Qualitative Research Methods in Nursing
Reference Sources for Transcultural Health and Nursing
The Modern American Urban Novel: Nature as 'Interior Structure'
Transcultural Care Diversity: A Theory of Nursing & Humanistic Services
Transcultural Nursing : Concepts, Theories, Research and Practice

References / Sources

Alligood, M. and Tomey, A. “Nursing Theory: Utilization and Application 2nd edition”. Mosby Inc. St. Loius, Missouri. 2002.
Barnum, B. “Nursing Theory: Analysis, Application, Evaluation 5th edition”. Lippincott. Philadelphia. 1998.
bmedinago(2007, May 17). Cultural Competence p1 of 3. Retrieved July 9, 2010 from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K2gNDG7axX4&NR=1
bmedinago(2007, May 17). Cultural Competence p2 of 3. Retrieved July 9, 2010 from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KpOnvwhd70M&feature=related
bmedinago(2007, May 17). Cultural Competence p3 of 3. Retrieved July 9, 2010 from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P5ujdTn3SZk&feature=related
Boyd, Mary Ann and Diane Schweisguth. 2005. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Instructor's Resource CD-ROM to Accompany Psychiatric Nursing: Contemporary Practice, Third Edition.
Hitchcock, Janice E., Phyllis E. Schubert and Sue A. Thomas. 2003. Community Health Nursing: Caring in Action 2nd edition. Delmar Learning. pp172-174
http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/transcultural_nursing.html
http://mepinoy.tripod.com/sino/nurses.htm
http://www.madeleine-leininger.com
http://www.nursecentral.com.au/News/Filipino-nurses-abroad
Nipissing University(2010) Madeleine Leininger’s Culture Care Theory. Retrieved June 29, 2010 from http://www.nipissingu.ca/faculty/arohap/aphome/NURS3036/Resources/Leiniger.ppt
Osteria, Trinidad. 2008. Gender Issues in the Prevention and Control of Avian Flu and Dengue in Selected Countries in Southeast Asia. Yuchengco Center.
Spirithollow(2008, February 5). Cultural Competence. Retrieved July 9, 2010 from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Py3vfCs-TcY&feature=related
Tomey, A. and Alligood, M. “Nursing Theorist and Their Work 4th edition”. Mosby Inc. St. Loius, Missouri. 1998.

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Leininger's Accomplishments

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